Frédéric Chopin

Frédéric Chopin (1810-1849) [Polish. Romantic period.]
Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin

Orchestral Music - Concertos.

Though Chopin wrote almost exclusively for solo piano, he also wrote two concertos when he was young. These are part of the standard symphonic repertoire, and the slower second movements of each concerto are beautiful, and might be familiar...

Piano Concerto 2, Movement 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Tk6k92H7RQ (Fliter)
Piano Concerto 1, Movement 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1dJv8vWMLT4 (Argerich)

Piano Music.

Chopin wrote sonatas, preludes, etudes, nocturnes, scherzi, waltzes, mazurkas, polonaises, making innovations to many of these forms as he did, and inventing ballades as a musical form. Here are a few samples:

Etude Op. 10 No. 1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l6cZxBsvrvI (Pollini)
Polonaise in A-flat major: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iFvqvZOtCF0 (Horowitz)
Nocturne Op. 9 No.2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YGRO05WcNDk (Rubenstein)
Ballade in F Major, Op. 38 #2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rAY5hv7gwYA (Perahia)
Etude Op. 25 No. 12: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K8eV7jjifCo (Pollini)
Waltz Op. 64 No. 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oRPce154Ogo (Wang)

Sidenote: Chopin, whose mother was Polish, and whose father was French had his heart removed from his 39-year-old body when he died... His body was buried in France, and his sister smuggled his heart back to Poland, which is buried in a church in Warsaw. How fun is THAT?